ABSTRACT
Ian D.Bishop Infrastructure proposals (roads, bridges, power-stations) have for a long time been drawn in three-dimensions using computer-aided design or similar modelling tools. While the objects themselves were drawn, their context was often neglected. The focus was on the engineering and not the environment. The purpose of early simulation work in this field was to impress the public with the scope of the investment and the wonderful advantages development would bring. It was only after the acceleration of environmental awareness triggered by Carson (1962), Ehrlich and Ehrlich (1970), the Stockholm Earth Summit of 1972 and the rising power of OPEC in the 1970s that attention began to turn towards the role of visualization in promoting the wider consequences of industrial development. The importance of the relationship between industrial development and the visual landscape also became increasingly crucial at this time. An early example was the preservation of the historic Hudson River landscape from power-station development as reported by Petrich (1979). By the end of the 1980s representation of proposed power lines, sewage treatment plants, railways and harbours (Figure 8.1) as new landscape elements was commonplace. Indeed, in Sheppard (1989) a large proportion of the examples are from the industrial/infrastructure context.
