ABSTRACT

If human burials were our only window onto the past, what story would they tell? Skeletal injuries constitute the most direct and unambiguous evidence for violence in the past. Whereas weapons or defenses may simply be statements of prestige or status and written sources are characteristically biased and incomplete, human remains offer clear and unequivocal evidence of physical aggression reaching as far back as we have burials to examine.

Warfare is often described as ‘senseless’ and as having no place in society. Consequently, its place in social relations and societal change remains obscure. The studies in The Routledge Handbook of the Bioarchaeology of Human Conflict present an overview of the nature and development of human conflict from prehistory to recent times as evidenced by the remains of past people themselves in order to explore the social contexts in which such injuries were inflicted. A broadly chronological approach is taken from prehistory through to recent conflicts, however this book is not simply a catalogue of injuries illustrating weapon development or a narrative detailing ‘progress’ in warfare but rather provides a framework in which to explore both continuity and change based on a range of important themes which hold continuing relevance throughout human development.

part |62 pages

Context is Everything

chapter |21 pages

Introduction

The bioarchaeology of conflict

chapter |24 pages

Sticks and Stones

Exploring the nature and significance of child trauma in the past

part |135 pages

Since Time Immemorial?

chapter |23 pages

Trauma in the Krapina Neandertals

Violence in the Middle Palaeolithic?

chapter |18 pages

The War to Begin All Wars?

Contextualizing violence in Neolithic Britain

chapter |19 pages

Misplaced Childhood?

Interpersonal violence and children in Neolithic Europe

chapter |24 pages

‘Soft Heads’

Evidence for sexualized warfare during the later Iron Age from Kemerton Camp, Bredon Hill

chapter |15 pages

Socialized Violence

ontextualizing violence through mortuary behaviour in Iron Age Britain

part |81 pages

Hierarchies and Violence

chapter |24 pages

The Osteology of Decapitation Burials From Roman Britain

A post-mortem burial rite?

chapter |14 pages

Interpreting Violence

A bioarchaeological perspective of violence from medieval central Sweden

chapter |12 pages

Violence and the Crusades

Warfare, Injuries and Torture in the Medieval Middle East

chapter |19 pages

Courteous Knights and Cruel Avengers

A consideration of the changing social context of medieval warfare from the perspective of human remains

part |169 pages

New World Orders

chapter |25 pages

Violent Injury and Death in a Prehistoric Farming Community of Southwestern Colorado

The Osteological Evidence From Sleeping Ute Mountain

chapter |16 pages

Many Faces of Death

Warfare, human sacrifice and mortuary practices of the elite in late pre-Hispanic northern Peru

chapter |16 pages

‘Place of Strong Men’

Skeletal trauma and the (re)construction of Chachapoya identity

chapter |26 pages

A History Of Violence In The Lambayeque Valley

Conflict and death from the late pre-Hispanic apogee to European colonization of Peru (AD 900–1750)

chapter |37 pages

Conflict on the Northern Northwest Coast

2, 000 Years Plus of Bioarchaeological Evidence

part |242 pages

Modern World Emergence

chapter |18 pages

The Alkmaar Mass Graves

A multidisciplinary approach to war victims and gunshot trauma

chapter |17 pages

Indirect Evidence of Hanging

Lesions of Traumatic Violence in Eighteenth-Century Execution Victims From Southwest Germany

chapter |17 pages

“Those in Peril on the Sea”

Trauma in two eighteenth-to early nineteenth-century British Royal Navy skeletal assemblages

chapter |18 pages

How to Say Things With Bodies

Meaningful violence on an American frontier

chapter |15 pages

Sorcery and Shipwrecks

Headhunting in the Torres Strait Islands

chapter |27 pages

An Osteological Profile of Trench Warfare

Peri-mortem trauma sustained by soldiers who fought and died in the Battle of Fromelles, 1916

chapter |39 pages

The Osteology of Conflict

What does it all mean?