ABSTRACT
Ethicists had settled on at least one conclusion as ethics became modern in Darwin’s century: that the moral has nothing to do with the natural. Science describes natural history and natural law; ethics prescribes human conduct, moral law; and to confuse the two makes a category mistake, commits the naturalistic fallacy.1 Nature simply is, without objective value; the preferences of human subjects establish value; and these human values, appropriately considered, generate what ought to be. Nature is amoral; only humans are ethical subjects and objects of duty.
