ABSTRACT
Governance network theory (GNT) addresses complexity. It provides a conceptual framework to analyze problem solving and policymaking in complex network settings. These settings are characterized by at least three forms of complexity:
Cognitive complexity: the presence of wicked problems that are technologically demanding and also imply various values and dynamics and therefore are hard to solve (Rittel and Webber 1973; Koppenjan and Klijn 2004);
Strategic complexity: the involvement of various interdependent actors that each have their own perceptions and strategies; and
Institutional complexity: a fragmented institutional context due to the presence of various organizational structures and institutional rules.
