ABSTRACT
In Tanzania, the Mineral Policy of 1997 and Mining Act of 1998 (Tanzania 1997, 1998) defined the three main players forming the nucleus of the country’s mining industry: the state, large-scale mining operators and artisanal miners. The state’s main role was designated as promoter and regulator of the industry. The Act emphasized the importance of a private sector-led industry, with artisanal mining exclusively for Tanzanians, while allowing up to 100 per cent foreign ownership for large-scale operations. The relationships between these players are complex and ever changing, as the political-economic context in which they operate evolves. This chapter discusses the nature of the interactions within the industry and their transformation over time in light of foreign direct investment (FDI) 1 in large-scale mining.
