ABSTRACT
The implementation of economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) has a number of interrelated dimensions. This chapter introduces two interrelated dimensions of ESCR implementation: giving effect to ESCR through domestic laws and institutions; and through practical and operational interventions. It focuses on one critically important form of human rights accountability: judicial accountability. Equally, policy-makers and practitioners working in education, food, housing and so on, need to understand how national and international human rights law can shape, deepen and reinforce their operational interventions. In recent years, a range of tools and techniques, including indicators, benchmarks, budget analysis and impact assessments, have been developed to enhance the effective implementation of ESCR. The international human rights community is drawing on the accountability tools and techniques developed by different sectors and professions, to enhance accountability for ESCR. In conclusion, with the increasing number of such cases coming before the courts, more attention should be devoted to devising effective remedies for violations of ESCR.
