THERAPIST AS TEACHER; TEACHER AS THERAPIST: EVOLUTION OF THE RESPONSIBLE ROLE MODEL

One-Upping Becomes an Art Form. In contrast to this deeply human con­ nection in AA, however, academically trained psychotherapists encountered resistance and even censure for tampering with the treatment role that Freud had defined. Sigmund had decreed that psychoanalysts remain benign observers whose chief task was to help patients become fully aware of their unconscious processes.