ABSTRACT
Optimization models of urban energy systems (UES) are argued to provide the advantages that mathematical modelling offers in any field (Williams 1999). As with any model, the internal structure and relationships (not the data) are what determine its usefulness to a decision-maker. The construction of a UES model may uncover relationships not initially known or well understood. Once built, a model allows for quantification and discussion of plans and strategies not initially conceived. Also an optimized mathematical model of UES permits experimentation which may be too costly or risky for investment in practical terms. These advantages are thought to be embedded in major UES optimization models.
