ABSTRACT
The elementary design of school effectiveness research is the association of hypothetical effectiveness enhancing conditions of schooling and output measures, mostly student achievement. A basic model from systems theory, where the school is seen as a black box, within which processes or “throughput” take place to transform this basic design. The inclusion of an environmental or context dimension completes this model (see Fig. 11.1). The major task of school effectiveness research is to reveal the impact of relevant input characteristics on output and to “break open” the black box in order to show which process or throughput factors “work”, next to the impact of contextual conditions. Within the school it is helpful to distinguish a school and a classroom level and, accordingly, school organizational and instructional processes. A basic systems model of school functioning. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203971055/b0e3e932-203a-49c5-a78e-ef5e006fdac2/content/fig11_1_B.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
