The overall aim of this chapter is to provide a commentary concerning the relationships and differences between the areas of the ECHR, EU, EC and EC law to assist in the management of the study of these complex areas in relation to English law and in their own right. The detailed study of these areas, for law students, will occur in your English legal system, public law and European law courses. 5.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this chapter and the associated reading, readers should: • be able to understand the general consequences and standard format of a Treaty and how it is internally organised and subsequently amended; • be able to explain the context within which European human rights operate and how it affects the English legal system; • be able to place the English HRA 1998 in its appropriate context and explain how it relates to the ECHR; • be able to describe the various types of secondary legislation produced by the EC; • be able to distinguish between primary and secondary EC law; • be able to discuss the similarities and differences between the EC and the EU; • understand the difference between the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the ECJ; • understand the role of the ECJ; • understand the relationship between the English legal system, the EC and the EU; • appreciate the difference in style and rationale between European legal judgments and legislation and English legal judgments and legislation. 5.3 READING AND UNDERSTANDING TREATIES Many of the difficulties encountered by students of English law approaching its European dimension are the vast number of unfamiliar terms. Often students do not appreciate the international nature of treaties and their normal effect. Therefore when discussing the peculiarities of the English approach to international treaties made by the UK Government confusions creep in. This section of the chapter is therefore designed to give a brief introduction to the general purpose and format of treaties.

DOI link for The overall aim of this chapter is to provide a commentary concerning the relationships and differences between the areas of the ECHR, EU, EC and EC law to assist in the management of the study of these complex areas in relation to English law and in their own right. The detailed study of these areas, for law students, will occur in your English legal system, public law and European law courses. 5.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this chapter and the associated reading, readers should: • be able to understand the general consequences and standard format of a Treaty and how it is internally organised and subsequently amended; • be able to explain the context within which European human rights operate and how it affects the English legal system; • be able to place the English HRA 1998 in its appropriate context and explain how it relates to the ECHR; • be able to describe the various types of secondary legislation produced by the EC; • be able to distinguish between primary and secondary EC law; • be able to discuss the similarities and differences between the EC and the EU; • understand the difference between the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the ECJ; • understand the role of the ECJ; • understand the relationship between the English legal system, the EC and the EU; • appreciate the difference in style and rationale between European legal judgments and legislation and English legal judgments and legislation. 5.3 READING AND UNDERSTANDING TREATIES Many of the difficulties encountered by students of English law approaching its European dimension are the vast number of unfamiliar terms. Often students do not appreciate the international nature of treaties and their normal effect. Therefore when discussing the peculiarities of the English approach to international treaties made by the UK Government confusions creep in. This section of the chapter is therefore designed to give a brief introduction to the general purpose and format of treaties.

The overall aim of this chapter is to provide a commentary concerning the relationships and differences between the areas of the ECHR, EU, EC and EC law to assist in the management of the study of these complex areas in relation to English law and in their own right. The detailed study of these areas, for law students, will occur in your English legal system, public law and European law courses. 5.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this chapter and the associated reading, readers should: • be able to understand the general consequences and standard format of a Treaty and how it is internally organised and subsequently amended; • be able to explain the context within which European human rights operate and how it affects the English legal system; • be able to place the English HRA 1998 in its appropriate context and explain how it relates to the ECHR; • be able to describe the various types of secondary legislation produced by the EC; • be able to distinguish between primary and secondary EC law; • be able to discuss the similarities and differences between the EC and the EU; • understand the difference between the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the ECJ; • understand the role of the ECJ; • understand the relationship between the English legal system, the EC and the EU; • appreciate the difference in style and rationale between European legal judgments and legislation and English legal judgments and legislation. 5.3 READING AND UNDERSTANDING TREATIES Many of the difficulties encountered by students of English law approaching its European dimension are the vast number of unfamiliar terms. Often students do not appreciate the international nature of treaties and their normal effect. Therefore when discussing the peculiarities of the English approach to international treaties made by the UK Government confusions creep in. This section of the chapter is therefore designed to give a brief introduction to the general purpose and format of treaties.