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• reliance on unidentified generalisations; • fallacies in argument; • presentation of irrelevant material; • gaps in reasoning and logical jumps being taken; • shifting standpoints being left unacknowledged; • propositions not supported. If there is a gap or a doubt in your argument it is better to find it yourself and work on it. Then you can at least connect gaps in reasoning by propositions that are unsupported and know that you have done this and thus be in control of your argument. Anderson and Twining suggest there are in fact seven stages to a chart: (1) Clarification of standpoint (why is the chart being constructed). (2) The formulation of UP (ultimate probanda). (3) The formulation of PP (penultimate probanda). (4) Formulation of theory/choice of propositions (interim probanda). (5) Key list. The chart and key list are the means not the ends (6) Chart. (7) Complete analysis. Each of these will be briefly described. 7.10.2.2 Clarification of standpoint We have noted the issue of standpoint. Schum noted that standpoint affects inference network construction. In addition how can an audience assess the chart created without a knowledge of the standpoint of the creator? The greater the detail that the charter goes into in relation to inference networks the greater the extraction and/or revelation of conditions of doubt. So, it is important to constantly ask oneself ‘Where are we in the process?’, ‘What are my objectives?’ and to be aware that one’s standpoint can change in the execution of one project. Basically, we can say that standpoint is the function of three variables: • Time and location (Wigmore had in mind the trial arena). We will have different times and locations depending on the exercise. Usually however it will be post trial. We will often be asking: was the court right on the evidence presented? Was there another story that was more probable? Although we may set exercises presenting as pre-trial. • Objective purpose—organisation, evaluative, advocacy, educational. • Role. 7.10.2.3 The formulation of the ultimate probanda Probanda is the latin term for proposition but the latin is more flexible allowing a number of connections to be made. The term is therefore retained. The UP is the touchstone of relevancy controlling the relationship of all other propositions in the
DOI link for • reliance on unidentified generalisations; • fallacies in argument; • presentation of irrelevant material; • gaps in reasoning and logical jumps being taken; • shifting standpoints being left unacknowledged; • propositions not supported. If there is a gap or a doubt in your argument it is better to find it yourself and work on it. Then you can at least connect gaps in reasoning by propositions that are unsupported and know that you have done this and thus be in control of your argument. Anderson and Twining suggest there are in fact seven stages to a chart: (1) Clarification of standpoint (why is the chart being constructed). (2) The formulation of UP (ultimate probanda). (3) The formulation of PP (penultimate probanda). (4) Formulation of theory/choice of propositions (interim probanda). (5) Key list. The chart and key list are the means not the ends (6) Chart. (7) Complete analysis. Each of these will be briefly described. 7.10.2.2 Clarification of standpoint We have noted the issue of standpoint. Schum noted that standpoint affects inference network construction. In addition how can an audience assess the chart created without a knowledge of the standpoint of the creator? The greater the detail that the charter goes into in relation to inference networks the greater the extraction and/or revelation of conditions of doubt. So, it is important to constantly ask oneself ‘Where are we in the process?’, ‘What are my objectives?’ and to be aware that one’s standpoint can change in the execution of one project. Basically, we can say that standpoint is the function of three variables: • Time and location (Wigmore had in mind the trial arena). We will have different times and locations depending on the exercise. Usually however it will be post trial. We will often be asking: was the court right on the evidence presented? Was there another story that was more probable? Although we may set exercises presenting as pre-trial. • Objective purpose—organisation, evaluative, advocacy, educational. • Role. 7.10.2.3 The formulation of the ultimate probanda Probanda is the latin term for proposition but the latin is more flexible allowing a number of connections to be made. The term is therefore retained. The UP is the touchstone of relevancy controlling the relationship of all other propositions in the
• reliance on unidentified generalisations; • fallacies in argument; • presentation of irrelevant material; • gaps in reasoning and logical jumps being taken; • shifting standpoints being left unacknowledged; • propositions not supported. If there is a gap or a doubt in your argument it is better to find it yourself and work on it. Then you can at least connect gaps in reasoning by propositions that are unsupported and know that you have done this and thus be in control of your argument. Anderson and Twining suggest there are in fact seven stages to a chart: (1) Clarification of standpoint (why is the chart being constructed). (2) The formulation of UP (ultimate probanda). (3) The formulation of PP (penultimate probanda). (4) Formulation of theory/choice of propositions (interim probanda). (5) Key list. The chart and key list are the means not the ends (6) Chart. (7) Complete analysis. Each of these will be briefly described. 7.10.2.2 Clarification of standpoint We have noted the issue of standpoint. Schum noted that standpoint affects inference network construction. In addition how can an audience assess the chart created without a knowledge of the standpoint of the creator? The greater the detail that the charter goes into in relation to inference networks the greater the extraction and/or revelation of conditions of doubt. So, it is important to constantly ask oneself ‘Where are we in the process?’, ‘What are my objectives?’ and to be aware that one’s standpoint can change in the execution of one project. Basically, we can say that standpoint is the function of three variables: • Time and location (Wigmore had in mind the trial arena). We will have different times and locations depending on the exercise. Usually however it will be post trial. We will often be asking: was the court right on the evidence presented? Was there another story that was more probable? Although we may set exercises presenting as pre-trial. • Objective purpose—organisation, evaluative, advocacy, educational. • Role. 7.10.2.3 The formulation of the ultimate probanda Probanda is the latin term for proposition but the latin is more flexible allowing a number of connections to be made. The term is therefore retained. The UP is the touchstone of relevancy controlling the relationship of all other propositions in the
ABSTRACT
We have noted the issue of standpoint. Schum noted that standpoint affects inference network construction. In addition how can an audience assess the chart created without a knowledge of the standpoint of the creator? The greater the detail that the charter goes into in relation to inference networks the greater the extraction and/or revelation of conditions of doubt. So, it is important to constantly ask oneself ‘Where are we in the process?’, ‘What are my objectives?’ and to be aware that one’s standpoint can change in the execution of one project. Basically, we can say that standpoint is the function of three variables: • Time and location (Wigmore had in mind the trial arena). We will have different
times and locations depending on the exercise. Usually however it will be post trial. We will often be asking: was the court right on the evidence presented? Was there another story that was more probable? Although we may set exercises presenting as pre-trial.
