ABSTRACT
Whilst signi®cant advances in understanding of the contribution of longterm knowledge to verbal short-term memory have been made in recent years, the mechanisms underpinning the effects of permanent representations on temporary memory processes are not yet fully speci®ed. The main theoretical accounts advanced to date differ principally with respect to the stage in the memory process at which long-term knowledge is proposed to interact with the temporary trace. Common to all accounts, though, is the assumption that the in¯uence of long-term knowledge on short-term memory occurs at a single point in the memory system. In this chapter we will argue that this assumption is incorrect. Instead, on the basis of recent empirical work, we will suggest that long-term knowledge contributes to short-term memory at more than one point in the memory process, and in more than one way.
