ABSTRACT
The U.S. military services have developed a variety of systems that allow for synthetic human behavior representation (HBR) in virtual and constructive simulation. Examples include the Army’s Modular Semi-Automated Forces (ModSAF), the Navy and Marine Corps’ Small Unit Tactical Trainer (SUTT), the Air Force’s Advanced Air-to-Air System Performance Evaluation Model (AASPEM), and the Joint Services’ Command Forces (CFOR) project. Pew and Mavor (1998) described these systems and others and then noted that, although it is possible to represent human behavior in these systems, the state of the human representation is almost always rudimentary. In the words of Pew and Mavor:
To begin addressing the problems associated with limited HBR capability, developers of these and future military modeling and simulation systems should begin to draw more from cognitive, social, and organizational theory. In particular, Pew and Mavor (1998) suggested that these modeling systems would benefit from a closer association with the developers of integrative HBR architectures.
