ABSTRACT
In the microbiological control of pharmaceutical raw materials there is one primary aim – to exclude any organisms which may subsequently result in deterioration of the product or may harm the patient. Natural origin must be taken to mean any plant, animal or mineral material. The use of plant extracts in herbal remedies, cosmetics and toiletries is increasing in importance. These raw materials have a microbial population which is dependent upon several factors. Synthetic compounds are rarely contaminated owing to the use of temperatures, organic solvents, and extremes of pH in the manufacturing processes. Water may be used as an ingredient, cleansing agent or temporary suspending agent. The types of water available for use are potable water, distilled water, deionized water, demineralized water and water produced by reverse osmosis. The options available for raw materials other than water are very limited and consist generally of heat, irradiation and ethylene oxide treatment.
