ABSTRACT
Through the 1990s, international leaders, military forces and humanitarian agencies were beset with the baggage of the cold war for too long. However, as military doctrine writers began to sharpen their pens to formalize the institutional lessons of the Kosovo campaign, Usama Bin Laden's attacks on the United States pushed them across the page to a new chapter of events which superseded containment as an acceptable response. The events of 11 September compelled us to notice and react to developments which had been gradually altering our security for some time. Global change had expanded the definition of insurgency, enabling the more commercially adroit and internationally structured insurgent organizations to challenge powerful states with relative impunity. The 2001/2 operations in Afghanistan heralded a new relationship between the leading civil agencies in the conflict area and the western governments, a relationship that was increasingly underwritten and controlled by donor-government funding.
