Sura 32 which also bears the title al-Sajda (q.v.)). Sūrat Fussilat belongs to the Meccan period and has 54 verses. It the oneness of God and reminds man what See v.219 of Sūrat al-Baqara (q.v.) and v.90 an oasis between Mecca : stresses the themes of happened to 'Ād (q.v.) and Thamūd (q.v.). God's enemies will perish in Hell. (See al-Nār.) al-Fustāt First Muslim city in Egypt, established by 'Amr b.

doi:10.4324/9780203986158-43

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Sura 32 which also bears the title al-Sajda (q.v.)). Sūrat Fussilat belongs to the Meccan period and has 54 verses. It the oneness of God and reminds man what See v.219 of Sūrat al-Baqara (q.v.) and v.90 an oasis between Mecca

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ABSTRACT

Gambling The Qur'ān forbids gambling and games in which chance is involved. See v.219 of Sūrat al-Baqara (q.v.) and v.90 of Sūrat al-Mā'ida (q.v.). Genghis Khan See Bābur; Mongols.

Genie See Jinn.

Ghāfir

Creek) of al-Khumm'. Here the Prophet Muhammad, after the famous Pilgrimage of Farewell, raised the hands of 'Alī b. Abī Tālib (q.v.) and declared that whoever held himself, Muham mad, as his master, should view 'Alī in a similar fashion. Shī'ites believe that by these words and actions Muhammad designated 'Alī as his direct successor. (See Hajj al-Wadā'; Shī'ism.) Ghāfir (Ar.) The title of the 40th sura of the Qur'ān; it means 'Forgiver', i.e. God. The sura belongs to the Meccan period and has 85 verses. Its title is drawn from v.3 which refers to God as Forgiver of sin and Accepter of repentance. The sura is one of seven which begin with the Mysterious Letters of the Qur'ān (q.v.) hā' mīm. The sura stresses God's unity and power and provides considerable detail about the life of the prophet Mūsā (q.v.) and his dealings with Pharaoh. A significant verse (v.67) traces man's life from dust to old age. (See Fir'awn; al-Hisāb.) al-Ghāshiyya (Ar.) The title of the 88th sura of the Qur'ān; the word has been translated as 'The Enveloper', 'The Envelop ing' and 'The Calamity' and clearly indicates the Day of Resurrection. The sura belongs to the Meccan period and has 26 verses. Its title comes from v. l . The sūra notes that on that Day of Resurrection those destined for Hell fire will have tired and work-weary faces, by contrast with the happy faces of the inhabitants of Paradise. (See Ba'th; al-Janna; al-Nār; Yawm al-Qiyāma.) Ghayba (Ar.) Occultation, absence, concealment, invisibility. The best-known occultation or absence is that of the Twelfth Shī'ite Imām Muhammad al-Qā'im (q.v.). Twelver Shī'ites identify a lesser and a greater period of ghayba for this figure: the first lasted for about 67 years from 260/874; the second has lasted from 329/941 and will only end with the reappearance of this Imam. (See Imam; Ithnā 'Asharīs.)

Ghaylān b. Muslim (died first half of the 2nd/8th century) Leading early proponent of free will who lived in Damascus