ABSTRACT
Mūsā al-Kāzim (c. 128/745-183/799) Seventh Imam for the Ithnā 'Asharīs (q.v.), and a younger son of Ja'far al-Sādiq (q.v.). After the latter's death, his claims to the imāmate were supported by those Shī'ites who later became called Ithnā 'Asharīs (q.v.). Others (the Ismā'īlīs (q.v.)) followed Ja'far's grandson Muhammad b. Ismā'īl (q.v.). During his life Mūsā encountered considerable hostility from the 'Abbāsids (q.v.). He was eventually arrested and poisoned, probably at the instigation of the Barmakid wazīr (q.v.) Yahyā b. Khālid. (See Barmakids; Imām; Ismā'īl (2); Kāzimayn; Shī'ism.)
Musaylima (died 12/633) Rival Arabian prophet to Muhammad; his real name was Maslama. (Musaylima, an Arabic diminutive of the latter, was a name of contempt given to him by Muslims.) He claimed that he had received revelations from God. Musaylima was defeated and killed at the extremely bloody Battle of 'Aqrabā' by a Muslim force led by Khālid b. al-Walīd (q.v.). A story portrays Musaylima writing to Muhammad a letter in which he dignified both Muhammad and himself by the title of 'Messenger of God'. Muhammad replied, reserving the latter designation for himself, and characterizing Musaylima as 'the liar'. (See 'Aqrabā', Battle of)
Mushrikūn (Ar.) [sing. mushrik] Polytheists. (See Shirk.)
Music See Dhikr; Hadra; Mawlawiyya; Samā'.
