ABSTRACT
Ethnonationalism as a political force long predates the contemporary era of economic integration and transborder flows of people, ideas, and resources, but may be significantly tempered by the latter. Moreover, the persistent political salience of ethnic and religious affinities, often regardless of the economic implications of self-determination, buttresses Westphalian principles. The progress of contemporary ethnonationalist movements thus serves to interrogate the implications of globalization. This chapter compares and contrasts four ethnonationalist movements, two in Spain and two in India, to examine when and why ethnonationalist sentiments still carry weight, the significance of domestic and international support and sanctions to these movements, and what such movements reveal about the relative potency and dynamics of nation-states and global forces.
