ABSTRACT
Since its emergence as an independent state, Ukraine has been a problem country in the nonproliferation context. In the period 1992 to 1994, Ukraine was of great concern to the international community because of its ambiguous policy toward denuclearization and toward joining the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as a nonnuclear-weapon state. These worries were alleviated after Ukraine's accession to the NPT on October 16, 1994, and its pledges to denuclearize. However, further proliferation threats have emerged, namely, that of nonproliferation export controls. Although the last of some 1,600 strategic warheads were removed to Russia on June 1, 1996, and the dismantlement of intercontinental strategic missiles (ICBMs) has begun, an industrial infrastructure producing nuclear, missile, and dual-use items, and the human expertise thereof, may contribute to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, thereby threatening global security. This chapter is intended to analyze Ukraine's export control goals, policies, mechanism, legal basis, and involvement in the international nonproliferation regimes.
