ABSTRACT
A test item undergoes many important reviews to ensure that any response to an item can be validly interpreted (Downing & Haladyna, 1997; Haladyna & Rodriguez, 2013; Livingston, 2006). These reviews include: content classification, cognitive demand, adherence to item-writing guidelines, fairness, linguistic complexity and correctness of the key. Editing and proofing also improve clarity and accuracy of each item. All these item development activities involve judgments of subject-matter experts (SMEs) and other specialists. Another important complementary step is item analysis.
