ABSTRACT
In São Paulo, fortified enclaves are popular among the middle and upper classes for two different reasons. Walled or gated communities are popular among those who can afford them because they provide “total security” from the real and imagined dangers of the outside world. In addition to risk-conscious businessmen and their families and corporate elites, enclaves appeal to middle-classes fearful of street crime and the chaotic character of city streets. Enclaves provide a sense (perhaps illusion) of control and protection over one’s surroundings. A second reason behind the proliferation of walled communities is status. Enclaves are physically separate and socially exclusive hence they confer a higher status among those who live within them (there is a prestige ranging among enclaves, as well). Given enclaves offer numerous amenities in private facilities (sport, leisure, etc.) and household and personal services, they are seen as spaces of privilege. As Caldeira also points out, class separation is a form of social distinction.
