ABSTRACT
Projective techniques have been around since the end of the nineteenth century but perhaps one of the earliest examples of a drawing test was Machover’s (1949) adaptation of Goodenough’s (1926b) Draw-A-Person (D-A-P) test. Soon after Goodenough’s work, Jucker would start using a tree drawing task in his own work in 1928 (Webster, 2008). It was a short time after the D-A-P that Wartegg presented a somewhat corollary measure, his Drawing Completion Test (WZT; Wartegg, 1939; Roivainen & Ruuska, 2005), a structured projective and drawing task that consists of a series of unfinished lines or dots that the examinee is instructed to complete. Although Jucker was his mentor, it was Koch who developed the Tree Drawing Test (Baum test; Koch, 1949, 1952, 1957), which involves the drawing of a “fruit tree.” Later Buck would integrate the tree test into Goodenough’s D-A-P to produce the now well-known House-Tree-Person test (HTP; Buck, 1948). Today the Tree Test is still quite popular in continental Europe (ESPD, 2007) and in Japan (Stevens & Wedding, 2004). There was also Raven’s Controlled Projection Test (Cohen de Lara-Kroon, 1999), a British method which combined a drawing task with the story-telling method (in children’s version, the examinee is invited to make a drawing and, while doing so, tell a story about it), and Van Lennep’s (1958; in Cohen de Lara-Kroon, 1999) drawing task, which requires the drawing of three trees: a fruit tree, a fantasy tree, and a dream tree.
