ABSTRACT
During the first Industrial Revolution, factories developed into a system where workers were less and less forced by an external, i.e., religiously imposed, discipline and direction but instead became more and more internally regulated bodies which were ancillary to the machine. This system became more profound as artisans and skilled craftsmen lost their positions, and unskilled factory workers executed simple work in a monotonous way and operated mechanically. Human labor was viewed in a mechanical way, an approach which was rooted in a fascination for the clock which was glorified in dominant Western philosophy.
