ABSTRACT
Ultra-endurance competitions are defined as events exceeding 6 hours in duration (Zaryski and Smith, 2005). Races in ultra-endurance can be mainly held in ultra-swimming such as the ‘English Channel Crossing’ (Eichenberger et al., 2012a, 2012b; Fischer et al., 2013), ultracycling such as the ‘Race across America’ (Hulton et al., 2010; Knechtle et al., 2005), ultra-running such as the ‘Trans Europe Foot Race’ (Schütz et al., 2012) and the combination of triathlon such as ultra-triathlons (Knechtle et al., 2011b; Lepers, 2008).
