ABSTRACT
Th e First Amendment guarantees broad rights to journalists-the government can prevent publication of news only in the most extraordinary circumstances, usually related to national security, and journalists are virtually immune from criminal penalties for criticizing public offi cials. Th e First Amendment does not allow the government to license journalists. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers, and other professionals generally face licensing requirementsthey must meet certain education standards, agree to follow accepted procedures, and usually attend continuing education classes. If they fail to meet these standards, the government can yank their licenses and forbid them from practicing.
