ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs have, for the most part, ignored or underestimated the importance of natural resources as a fundamental element of security, recovery, and peacebuilding. Applying the DDR framework, the chapter examines the role that natural resources play in the functioning of armed forces and the livelihoods of their members and associated groups. It describes the origins of DDR as a systematic framework, now formulated in the United Nations (UN's) Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS). Disarmament programs carried out within a DDR program can occur in sequence with or simultaneously to other initiatives for disarmament or reduction in small arms and light weapons from individuals other than members of armed forces or groups. DDR programs integrating the management of natural resources must closely examine ways in which gender roles obstruct access to certain livelihood resources, and promote women's participation in decision making in natural resource management.
