ABSTRACT
In July 2003, Chad—a poor and landlocked state—joined the league of oil-exporting nations. Reaching this point required several consortiums of international oil companies; extended analysis and consultation with environmentalists, anthropologists, and activists; the passage of a law detailing how the government could spend oil revenues; the creation of oversight bodies at the national and international levels; and the construction of a 1,070-kilometer pipeline terminating off the port of Kribi, Cameroon.
