ABSTRACT
RICHARD BERNARD, A GUIDE TO GRAND JURY MEN 214-15 (London 1627), considered discovery of tile witch's mark one of seven proofs sufficient to convict a person of witchcraft, since it established "a league made with the Devil.· On the use of language borrowed from Continental law regarding presumptive and convictive evidence in witchcraft cases, see BARBARA J. SHAPIRO, BEYOND REAsONABLE DoUBT AND PROBABLE CAUSE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE ANGLO-AMERICAN LAw OF EvIDENCE 51-54, 164-68 (1991).
