ABSTRACT
The last 10,000 years has been a period of unusually stable climate very favorable to the development of human civilization. The world’s ecosystems also adjusted to the stability. Now that is beginning to change. Nature is responding to the climate change that has taken place on a planet 0.75 degrees Celsius warmer than preindustrial levels. Some of the change is physical in nature, most notably the phase change between ice and water. Northern hemisphere lakes are freezing later in the year and ice is breaking up earlier in the spring. 1
