ABSTRACT

For protected areas, an incident can be formally described as ‘an event or cluster of events, which may be accidental, intentional or natural in origin, and which requires an emergency or law enforcement response’. Protected areas that are directly influenced by natural events such as fires, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami, blizzards, floods and storms. Non-natural events such as road accidents, airplane accidents, oil spills, pollution events and civil conflict also affect protected areas.