ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the dilemmas posed by energy consumption patterns in urban areas throughout the world. It begins by describing the inequalities embedded in the modern world energy system. It then proceeds to examine the human and environmental constraints created by contemporary energy consumption patterns in cities in both developed and developing countries. Following this delineation of fundamental problems, the discussion turns to an analysis of new energy technologies and policy initiatives that may provide options for reducing the severity of urban energy problems. In particular, the fuel cell is highlighted as a system with the flexibility to ameliorate pressing environmental problems in cities throughout the world.
