ABSTRACT
U ptotheFirstWorldWarEuropewasthemodelcivilization onwhichJapanwastryingtopatternitsel£Theperiod
followingtheopening-upofJapanspringstomind,withthe short-livedRokumeik:anasthemostconspicuousexampleof Europeanization.Nationalistreactionsagainsttheexcessive WestemizationofJapanesesocietyensuedbut,eveninthefirst decadeofthetwentiethcentury,Europeremainedtheguiding lightfortheJapaneseintelligentsiainideological,philosophical, cultural,scientific,military,politicalandeconomicmatters.
