ABSTRACT
Even before new media broadened and complicated the meaning of “audience,” the term generated considerable scholarly discussion. Once equated simply with the reader or readers of a text, “audience” in composition scholarship was referred to as “audiences” and accompanied by a set of complex terms such as “invoked,” “evoked,” “ ctionalized,” “intended,” or “general.” More recently, in recognition of those who have been excluded from traditional academic discourse, additional terms have been added, such as “ignored, rejected, excluded or denied” (Lunsford & Ede, 2009, p. 174).
