ABSTRACT

First published in 1964, this is one of the most important books written on modern Turkey. Long unavailable in the English language, this edition brings new life to the influential ideas and analysis of Niyazi Berkes. Examining Turkey's transformation toward a secular state, it traces the complex relationship between technical and economic changes, as well as the political and religious.

part 1|18 pages

Introduction

chapter |17 pages

Introduction

part 2|64 pages

The Glimmerings 1718–1826

chapter 1|28 pages

Silhouette of a Renaissance

chapter 2|19 pages

Reaction against Innovation

chapter 3|15 pages

The New Order and Its Fall

part 3|164 pages

The Break-Through 1826–78

chapter 4|47 pages

Foundations of a Secular State

chapter 5|18 pages

Tanzimat

The Economic and Political Impact of the West

chapter 6|46 pages

The Secularism of the Tanzimat

chapter 7|22 pages

The Constitutional Movement

chapter 8|28 pages

Constitution of 1876

part 4|72 pages

The Reaction 1878–1908

chapter 9|36 pages

Constitutional Absolutism

chapter 10|34 pages

The Reactions against the Reaction

part 5|106 pages

Search for a Fulcrum 1908–19

chapter 11|22 pages

The Meşrutiyet

chapter 12|20 pages

Three Proposed Roads to Reconstruction

chapter 13|44 pages

Reforming the Institutions

chapter 14|18 pages

The Secularism of the Meşrutiyet

part 6|75 pages

The Struggle for Establishment of a Secular Nation-State 1919–39

chapter 15|30 pages

The Birth of a Nation under Fire

chapter 16|18 pages

The Kemalist Reforms

chapter 17|25 pages

The Secularism of the Kemalist Regime

part 7|6 pages

Conclusion

chapter 7|4 pages

Conclusion