ABSTRACT
International criminal law means many different things to many different people. 1 For many, and understandably, it is limited to those crimes that are directly criminalized by international law, i.e. those that are covered by the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal’s statement that ‘crimes against international law are committed by men, not abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced … individuals have international duties which transcend the national obligations of obedience imposed by the individual state’. 2 There are, basically, four of these: aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Nonetheless, these ‘core’ international crimes do not exhaust what can be covered by the term ‘international criminal law’, which is often taken to also include what Neil Boister calls ‘transnational crimes’. 3
