ABSTRACT
Innovation has become increasingly central to the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage for firms, as well as to the success and prestige of nations. In this chapter we attempt to assess the state of innovation in China and India, two large emerging nations with a track record of impressive growth and poverty reduction, and the potential for even more rapid economic expansion and societal transformation. We articulate the concept and practice of a National Innovation System (NIS) and investigate innovation in two layers: high tech and society-wide.
