ABSTRACT
It is possible, therefore, to determine varying levels of integration. The factors that may affect the type and degree of integration can be hypothesized to be those that determine the benefi ts of integration, on one hand, and the costs associated with the specifi c level of integration on the other. As Viegas (2005) argues, the benefi ts are essentially the reduction in door-to-door transition costs within the transportation system. These are a direct function of the interoperability of the transport system. Yet, the ability to interoperate is affected by the physical layout of the relevant transportation systems, and the relations between these systems and
other land uses. These, in turn, are a function of interagency relations and institutional structures. It can be argued, therefore, that all the levels noted above ultimately affect the transition costs.
