ABSTRACT
Having read, to this point, the bulk of this text, I hope you have learned a few things about communication sciences and disorders (CSD). Aside from the most evident points (e.g., speech is different from swallowing, which is different from hearing), there were items covered that were perhaps not as apparent at the outset:
There is a connection (perhaps working memory) between literacy and language.
Cleft palates are associated not only with speech difficulties but also with language disorders.
Hearing impairments often lead to delayed language development and differences in speech.
Children who stutter are more likely to present concomitant communication disorders than are their nonstuttering peers.
Those with neurological trauma (e.g., subcortical aphasia) quite often present disorders of language, both receptive and expressive, as well as impairments that make speech production difficult.
