ABSTRACT
This chapter provides the effects of physical activity, which for some individuals might mean exercise, and its relationship to various disease processes. It presents the four main types of physical activity; aerobic, muscle-strengthening, bone-strengthening, and stretching. The chapter focuses on the three types of the physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents aged 6-17: aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and bone-strengthening. The physical activity guidelines focus on preventive effects of physical activity, which include lowering the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. In addition, physical activity has beneficial therapeutic effects and is commonly recommended as part of the treatment plan for a variety of medical conditions. The chapter discusses the barriers to physical activity. Common barriers to changing physical activity and other health-promoting behaviours such as time, resources, access/opportunity, and support. The chapter describes the recommendation from American Cancer Society (ACS) regarding physical activity and cancer prevention.
