ABSTRACT
Traditional praxiology was on the lookout for general principles of crucial actions-which is in line with the intention of Polish praxiologist Tadeusz Kotarbinski-in all domains of human activity from farming, military defence, and healthcare, from the judicial system to education. Humans, as part of social organism, live and act in a competitive environment, i.e. in the world of limited resources, where they primarily struggle to survive, and subsequently develop. Struggle means that all the parties involved incur losses. Rivalry means that one party's gains are the other party's losses of the same extent. As rivalry ranges across cooperation and struggle, it is based on double-dealing, which is mainly reflected in propaganda. Praxiology is actually a study of decision-taking: optimal method of exploiting the resources available for the purpose of achieving intended goals. Being an applied science, praxiology aims to provide recommendations and cautions, i.e. certain principles and norms of behaviour.
