ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, although there are other types of dementia, which are present such as frontotemporal dementia Parkinsonian dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia associated with drugs, dementia due to infections, and vascular dementia. Vitamin D affects several mechanisms of AD pathogenesis, including the production, clearance, phagocytosis, and enzymatic degradation of Aβ peptides, as well as tau phosphorylation. In addition to the cerebral Aβ content, tau pathology and, thus, a further pathological hallmark of AD might be affected by vitamin A. Low concentrations of vitamin E, quantitatively the major lipophilic antioxidant in the brain, are frequently observed in cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients, suggesting that supplementation with vitamin E might delay the development of AD. Vitamin E has been reported to improve cognitive function in elderly individuals. It is known that the soluble Aβ oligomers cause cognitive loss and synaptic dysfunction in AD patients.
