ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a discussion of primary energy and the emissions due to the consumption of fossil fuels. Energy conservation includes not only increased efficiency of energy use but also structural changes; this might, for example, involve a change from manufacturing to knowledge-intensive industries. In the case of the former communist bloc, one of the sources of the increase in carbon dioxide emissions has been the increase in the energy required per unit of economic activity. The transfer of energy-intensive industries from advanced nations to developing countries is one cause of the acceleration of energy conservation in advanced nations and the worsening of energy efficiency in developing countries. Energy other than fossil fuels and nuclear power is called natural energy or renewable energy. Biomass is produced from water and atmospheric carbon dioxide by the utilization of solar energy.
