ABSTRACT
Nano/Microstructuration of biomaterials has been widely studied and used in different contexts; as cells respond to such features in distinct ways. One of the potential ways of harnessing such interactions is to use the response of immune cells against biomaterial surfaces via inclusion of micro/nanotopographies. For this end, the foreign body response and the role of macrophages in foreign body response is described. Macrophage adhesion to biomaterials and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. This was followed by the effect of biomaterial properties such as roughness and stiffness on macrophage polarization in vitro. The biomaterial and cell type dependent effects of micro/nanoscale surface patterns and porosity on macrophage polarization was demonstrated with examples.
