ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the general characteristics of the ground cover in longleaf pine communities, including patterns of endemism and rarity, life-history traits, responses to season and frequency of fire, and responses to canopy-cover variability. It explains the functional roles of specific groups of ground cover species as a means to prioritize species for reestablishment. The chapter discusses the identification and use of conditions from reference sites, and reviews current knowledge of soil seed banks and seed dispersal mechanisms relative to determining realistic restoration goals. It summarizes site-based techniques for enhancing existing ground cover and reintroducing vegetation when necessary. The chapter provides a discussion of the next steps that will be necessary for more effective ground cover restoration and the critical information needed for achieving success. Other ground cover species groups are important in providing habitat and food resources for wildlife in the longleaf pine ecosystem.
