ABSTRACT
Noble nanomaterials can be found in various shapes: spheres, cubes, plates, rods, wires, stars, prisms, and right bipyramids. Researchers have put efforts in synthesizing different silver nanostructures by varying the precursor concentration and stabilizer, reaction temperature, and reducing agents. The shape of silver nanostructures can be tuned by varying the molecular weight of Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The morphology, size, and stability of gold nanostructures can be tuned through different synthesis routes of nanostructures. The gold nanostructures formed are dependent on the precursor, reducing agent, stabilizers, and also ambient conditions. The synthesis of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles involves three methods: microemulsion, thermal decomposition, and coprecipitation. Among them, the chemical coprecipitation method is convenient, economical, and high yielding. Carbon nanomaterials include single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanoparticles, and graphene nanoparticles. Graphene oxide nanoparticles are prepared according to a modified Hummers–Offeman method, in which graphite powder is used as the precursor and sulfuric acid acts as the oxidizing agent.
