ABSTRACT
Social identities, aspects of our sense of self stemming from memberships in social groups are critical components of two types of human behavior: intergroup conflict and collective movements for social change. This chapter reviews research grounded in social identity and contact theory, examining how strategies intended to address identity-based conflicts may undermine the ability of low power groups to work for equality and social justice. Theorists of intergroup conflict often posit a causal and direct relationship between ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. Social Identity Theory and Social Categorization Theory argue there are three primary motivations for ingroup identification that influence intra and intergroup behaviors and that can influence if, and when, intergroup relations shift from ingroup favoritism to outgroup competition, discrimination, and derogation. The goal of social change efforts and intergroup contact encounters is often the same, to disrupt and challenge harmful relationships, end inequities, and create a more just society.
