ABSTRACT
In August 2014, the United Nations (UN) Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) issued statements condemning US treatment of African Americans when it wrote: “Racial and ethnic discrimination remains a serious and persistent problem in all areas of life from de facto school segregation, to access to health care and housing”. For the generations of African Americans living with the daily and too often deadly realities of enduring, systemic racism in the US, the costs continue to exact a heavy toll on the communal group’s psychological health. Allegiance and socialization, however, are intrinsic to the role of schooling in society or any hierarchal society”; and lies the problem: a disconnect between ideals and reality. A peace and conflict study (PACS) is a relatively young discipline, which essentially “emerged after World War I and II as educators sought to prevent future wars by teaching for peace.
