ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus, known as diabetes, is a type of common metabolic disease in which glucose is build up in the blood, caused either by pancreas's failure to produce insulin or by insulin resistance from the body tissue. This chapter focuses on glucose oxidase (GOx) anchored nanomaterials that are used for glucose detection and advanced insulin delivery and discusses nanomaterials that can be potentially an alternative to GOx nanosystems. Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in pancreas for regulation of glucose metabolism. Nonenzyme nanosensors constructed from metal oxides are cost-effective and highly sensitive in glucose detection affording minimum fabrication costs and longer storage lifetimes. The closed-loop system, functioned by automatically feedback to blood glucose fluctuation, offers obvious advantages over the open loop system. Glucose-binding proteins, mainly lectins, are a group of natural carbohydrate-binding proteins known to interact with glycosylated receptors or lipids for cell signal transduction.
