ABSTRACT
A multitude of protocols have been well established to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs), including chemical reduction, physical vapor deposition and irradiation routes. Liquid broth culture is one of the most common ways to multiply microorganisms. By investigating the biosynthetic processes inside microorganisms, plants or their parts and extracts, an interesting observation is that biomolecules are always associated with the formation of nanomaterials when challenged with the corresponding precursor ions. A few proteins such as bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, and casein have been reported to produce metallic nanoclusters. Microbes, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and yeasts known to produce AgNPs. Advances in green nanobiotechnology have led to numerous biomimetic approaches towards the synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals with a wide range of reactants, including pure amino acids, artificial peptides with an affinity for ZnO, gelatin or microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Biomolecules are organic molecules that exist naturally in living organisms.
