ABSTRACT
This chapter identifies four different metaphors for knowledge and discusses how these understandings and metaphors articulate knowledge differently as a problem, thus controlling the corresponding solutions. Consequently, it provides the perspective of information integration and focus on the issue of actionable knowledge. Four metaphors are 'knowledge as flows', 'knowledge as capabilities', 'knowledge as practices' and 'knowledge as formative'. Based on a case study of the Danish knowledge system in construction, the chapter focuses on a closer look at where, why and how problems occur with regard to knowledge. It analyses the concept of technological frame to better understand the various framings of 'the knowledge problem' in construction and the possible implications thereof. The majority of the policy studies on the knowledge problem in Danish construction have focused on how new research-based knowledge can come to be used in project-based companies in construction.
